Ridgefield, Connecticut

Ridgefield is a in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Situated in the foothills of the, the 300-year-old community had a population of 24,638 at the at the. The town center, which was formerly a, is defined by the U.S. Census Bureau as a census-designated place.

History
Ridgefield was first settled by English colonists from Norwalk and Milford in 1708, when a group of settlers purchased land from Chief Catoonah (also known as Chief Katonah) of the Ramapo tribe. The town was incorporated under a royal charter from the Connecticut General Assembly issued in 1709. Ridgefield was descriptively named. The most notable 18th-century event was the Battle of Ridgefield on April 27, 1777. This skirmish involved a small colonial militia force (state militia and some, led by, among others, General , who died in the engagement, and , whose horse was shot from under him. They faced a larger British force that had landed at Westport and was returning from a raid on the colonial supply depot in Danbury. The battle was a tactical victory for the British but a strategic one for the Colonials because the British would never again conduct inland operations in Connecticut, despite western Connecticut's strategic importance in securing the Hudson River Valley. Today, the dead from both sides are buried together in a small cemetery on Main Street on the right of the entrance to Casagmo condominiums: "...foes in arms, brothers in death...". The Keeler Tavern, a local inn and museum, features a British cannonball still lodged in the side of the building. There are many other landmarks from the Revolutionary War in the town, with most along Main Street.

In the summer of 1781, the French army under the marched through Connecticut, encamping in the Ridgebury section of town, where the first  mass in Ridgefield was offered.

For much of its three centuries, Ridgefield was a farming community. Among the important families in the 19th century were the Rockwells and Lounsburys, which intermarried. They produced two Connecticut governors, George Lounsbury and Phineas Lounsbury. The Ridgefield Veterans Memorial Community Center on Main Street, also called the Lounsbury House, was built by Gov. Phineas Chapman Lounsbury around 1896 as his primary residence. The Lounsbury Farm near the Florida section of Ridgefield is one of the only remaining operational farms in Ridgefield.

In the late 19th century, spurred by the new railroad connection to its lofty village and the fact that nearby countryside reaches 1,000 ft above sea level, Ridgefield began to be discovered by wealthy New York City residents, who assembled large estates and built huge "summer cottages" throughout the higher sections of town. Among the more noteworthy estates were Col. Louis D. Conley's "Outpost Farm", which at one point totalled nearly 2,000 acre, some of which is now Bennett's Pond State Park; Seth Low Pierrepont's "Twixthills", more than 600 acre, much of which is now ; Frederic E. Lewis's "Upagenstit", 100 acre that became Grey Court College in the 1940s, but is now mostly subdivisions; and Col. Edward M. Knox's "Downesbury Manor", whose 300 acre included a 45-room mansion that often visited.

These and dozens of other estates became unaffordable and unwieldy during and after the, and most were broken up. Many mansions were razed. In their place came subdivisions of one- and 2 acre lots that turned the town into a suburban, bedroom community in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. However, strong planning and zoning has maintained much of the 19th- and early 20th-century charm of the town, especially along its famous mile-long Main Street.

In 1946, Ridgefield was one of the locations considered for the United Nations secretariat building, but was not chosen due to its relative inaccessibility.

Geography
According to the, the town has a total area of 35.0 sqmi, of which 34.4 sqmi is land and 0.5 sqmi, or 1.52%, is water. The town is bordered by the towns of North Salem and Lewisboro in Westchester County, New York to the west, Danbury to the north, Wilton to the south and Redding to the east.

The town has a station called Branchville in the Branchville corner of town. The Census designated place (CDP) corresponding to the town center covers a total area of 6.4 sqmi, of which 0.16% is water. Other locales within the town include Titicus on Route 116 just north of the village; Ridgebury in the northern section of town; Scotland, which is south of Ridgebury; Farmingville, located northeast and east of the town center; Limestone, located northeast of the town center; Flat Rock, located south of the town center; and Florida, located just north of Branchville.

Geology
Ridgefield consists of hilly, rocky terrain, ranging from 1,060 ft above sea level. (at Pine Mountain) to 342 ft at Branchville. Its average village elevation is 725 ft above sea level. The landscape is strewn with countless rocks deposited by, and among the town's bodies of water is , formed in a kettle left by the last glacier 20,000 years ago. A particularly interesting feature is Cameron's Line, named for Eugene N. Cameron, who discovered that rocks west of the line differed greatly from those east of it. This fault line was formed some 250 million years ago by the collision of "Proto " and "Proto ", and there are still occasional light earthquakes felt along its length. The line bisects the southern half of the town, running generally north of West Lane, across the north end of the village, past the south end of Great Swamp and generally easterly into Redding in the Topstone area. North of Cameron's Line, the town is rich in. The mineral was extensively mined, and remnants of several exist today. Also mined here in the 19th century was, pegmatite, and. , as well as gemstones such as and, have been found here, and dozens of minerals have been unearthed at the old Branchville Mica Quarry. , a source of uranium, is found here, too.

Demographics
As of the of 2000, there were 23,643 people, 8,433 households, and 6,611 families residing in the town. The was 686.7 PD/sqmi. There were 8,877 housing units at an average density of 257.8 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the town was 96.12% White, 0.62% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.08% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.97% of the population.

There were 8,433 households out of which 43.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.6% were living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 18.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the town, the population was spread out with 30.6% under the age of 18, 3.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $107,351, and the median income for a family was $127,981 (these figures had risen to $125,909 and $154,346 respectively as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $50,236 for females. The per capita income for the town was $51,795. About 1.3% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.7% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those age 65 or over.

As of the census of 2000, there are 7,212 people, 2,933 households, and 1,994 families residing in the CDP. The is 1,125.2 PD/sqmi. There are 3,078 housing units at an average density of 480.2 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the CDP is 95.52% White, 0.54% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 2.44% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races, while 2.26% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 2,933 households out of which 34.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.7% are married couples living together, 8.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% are non-families. Of all households 28.5% are made up of individuals and 12.3% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.46 and the average family size is 3.05.

In the CDP the population is spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 41 years. For every 100 females there are 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 85.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP is $81,179, and the median income for a family is $127,327. Males have a median income of $93,084 versus $47,232 for females. The for the CDP is $46,843. 3.2% of the population and 1.7% of families are below the. Out of the total population, 1.6% of those under the age of 18 and 6.8% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Attractions, landmarks, and institutions
The Western Connecticut Youth Orchestra, formerly called the Ridgefield Symphony Youth Orchestra, has performed at and Avery Fisher Hall at the.

The Ridgefield Symphony Orchestra began as the "Ridgefield Symphonette" in 1965 with 20 players, only a third of them professionals. It became fully professional by the end of the decade and today has 75 musicians and draws soloists of international reputation. In 1984, Maxim Shostakovich, then a Ridgefielder, conducted a sold-out concert of music by his father,, with the composer's grandson, Dmitri, performing as piano soloist.

The Museum preserves an early 18th-century house that, by the time of the Revolution, had become a tavern and inn. The tavern was a center of community activities, an early post office, and a stop on the northern New York to Boston post road. In the early 20th century, it was the home of noted architect Cass Gilbert. The tavern is open several days a week, offers tours, and has a gift shop.

The is a leading venue for the world's best contemporary artists. Its exhibitions have attracted national attention and respect. The museum was redesigned and expanded in 2004, and offers many special programs, including concerts. The museum was redesigned and expanded in 2004, and offers many special programs, including concerts.

The, opened in December 2000, is housed in the former Ridgefield Alternate High School auditorium, and was remodeled as a playhouse. It is the year-round venue for dozens of concerts and other performances, many by internationally known artists. The Playhouse also shows movies, many of them first-run.

, which straddles the Ridgefield-Wilton border, preserves much of the farm of J. Alden Weir (1852–1919), a painter of the American Impressionism style. The property was later used by his son-in-law, (1877–1957), noted sculptor and a grandson of. The site includes the Weir Farm Art Center and a gallery, and many special events take place there, including shows by visiting artists in residence. Weir Farm is one of only two official in the state.

The Ridgefield Conservatory of Dance was founded as the Ridgefield Studio of Classical Ballet in 1965 by Patricia Schuster. In 2002 it became the Ridgefield Conservatory of Dance, a non-profit 501(c)3 organization. The Conservatory is home to three pre-professional performance companies: the Ridgefield Civic Ballet, The Junior Dance Ensemble, and the Contemporary Dance Ensemble. The conservatory presents  annually at the.

Ridgefield's public open space includes Aldrich Park, Bennett's Pond State Park, Brewster Farm, Florida Refuge, Hemlock Hills/Lake Windwing, Pine Mountain, Seth Low Pierrepont State Park, and the. Its public open spaces make up 5,200 acre, accounting for 23% of the towns overall land.

Ridgefield Golf Course is the town's municipal 18 hole golf course designed by George Fazio and Tom Fazio and opened in 1974.

The town's largest industry is Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, whose United States headquarters are located in the Ridgebury section of town.

In 2006, the selected to be displayed in New York's Rockefeller Center for the Christmas season came from Ridgefield.

The town also features a, owned by the town and maintained by the town's parks and recreations service, in which both and aggressive inline skating are done. In 2010 the skatepark was rebuilt and expanded as a result of the need to expand the Ridgefield Playhouse parking lot.

Annual events

 * The Nutmeg Festival on Main Street is in August. It has been organized by St. Stephen's Church and held on its grounds since 1906, when it was started there as an "apron and cake sale" by the Ladies Guild to raise money for charity.
 * The Antiques Flea Market is held every June outdoors on the grounds of the Veterans Memorial Community Center.
 * A local farmers market is held every Thursday during the summer months.

On the National Register of Historic Places
Part of the town center is a listed on the  (NRHP) as. In addition to the town center historic district, there are a number of individual properties and at least one other historic district in the town that are NRHP-listed:


 * Benedict House and Shop: 57 Rockwell Road (added 1998)
 * Branchville Railroad Tenement: Old Main Highway (added 1982)
 * Frederic Remington House: 154 Barry Ave. (added 1966)
 * Hugh Cain Fulling Mill and Elias Glover Woolen Mill Archeological Site (added 1985)
 * : 735 Nod Hill Road and Pelham Lane (added 1984; see Weir Farm National Historic Site, below)
 * : 132 Main St. (added 1982)
 * Lewis June House: 478 N. Salem Road (added 1984)
 * : Ridgebury Road, from intersection with Old Stagecoach South (added 2003)
 * Phineas Chapman Lounsbury House: 316 Main Street, also known as the Ridgefield Veterans Memorial Community Center (added 1975)
 * Ridgebury Congregational Church: Ridgebury Road and George Washington Highway (added 1984)
 * Thomas Hyatt House: 11 Barlow Mountain Road (added 1984)
 * West Mountain Historic District: state road 855 (formerly Route 102) (added 1984)

In popular culture
The 1939 film In Name Only, starring, and , is partially set in Ridgefield, and the opening shot is of the wooden sign at the corner of Main St. and Branchville Road opposite what is now Jesse Lee Memorial United Methodist Church.

In the 1941 film The Lady Eve, starring and, Fonda's character hosts lavish parties in a fictional town called Bridgefield, Connecticut, a town full of millionaires, right outside of New York. This fictional town is based on the town of Ridgefield.


 * Images of America: Ridgefield (1999) 127 pages; 1890s to 1950s.
 * Ridgefield 1900-1950, by Jack Sanders (2003) 126 pages
 * Farmers against the Crown, by Keith Jones. An account of the Battle of Ridgefield during the Revolutionary War. 162 pages, paperback (2002)
 * The Farms of Farmingville, by Keith Marshall Jones, 509 pages (2001)
 * Five Village Walks, by Jack Sanders, 56 pages
 * Ridgefield in Review, by Silvio A. Bedini (1958) Out of print, but used copies often available locally
 * History of Ridgefield, by George L. Rockwell, 583 pages, long out of print
 * The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Records, Volume 36, an index to Ridgefield births, marriages and deaths from 1709 to 1850. Genealogical Publishing Company (2000)
 * The History of Ridgefield, Connecticut, by the Rev. Daniel Teller (1878), 251 pages. Teller was pastor of the First Congregational Church.
 * The Proprietors of Ridgefield, by Glenna M. Welsh (1976)
 * St. Stephen's Church: Its History for 250 years: 1725 to 1975, by Robert S. Haight, 220 pages,
 * Saint Stephen's Church Reaches the Millennium, by Dirk Bollenback, 114 pages, covers 1975 to 2000.
 * Lost in Place: Growing Up Absurd in Suburbia, by Mark Salzman (1996), 288 pages, Ridgefield native reflects on the idiosyncrasies and absurdities of suburban Connecticut life.